CWNP CWNA-108 Exam Topics:

Section	Weight	Objectives
WLAN Regulations and Standards	20%	1. Explain the roles of WLAN and networking industry organizations IEEE Wi-Fi Alliance IETF Regulatory domains and agencies 2. Explain and apply the various Physical Layer (PHY) solutions of the IEEE 802.11-2016 standard as amended including supported channel widths, spatial streams, data rates. DSSS – 802.11 HR-DSSS – 802.11b OFDM – 802.11a ERP – 802.11g Wi-Fi 4 - HT – 802.11n Wi-Fi 5 - VHT – 802.11ac Wi-Fi 6 - HE - 802.11ax 3. Understand spread spectrum technologies, Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS) DSSS OFDM OFDMA and Resource Units BPSK QPSK QAM (16, 64, 256,1024) 4. Identify and apply 802.11 WLAN functional concepts Primary channels Adjacent overlapping and non-overlapping channels Throughput vs. data rate Bandwidth Guard Interval 5. Describe the OSI model layers affected by the 802.11-2016 standard and amendments 6. Identify and comply with regulatory domain requirements and constraints (specifically in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz) Frequency bands used by the 802.11 PHYs Available channels Regulatory power constraints Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) Transmit Power Control (TPC) 7. Explain basic use case scenarios for 802.11 wireless networks Wireless LAN (WLAN) – BSS and ESS Wireless bridging Wireless Ad-Hoc (IBSS) Wireless Mesh
WLAN Network Architecture and Design Concepts	15%	1. Describe and implement Power over Ethernet (PoE) 802.3af, 802.3at, 802.3bt Power Source Equipment Powered Device Midspan and endpoint PSEs Power classes to include power differences between PSE and PD Power budgets and powered port density 2. Define and describe differences, advantages and constraints of the different wireless LAN architectures Centralized data forwarding Distributed data forwarding Control, Management and Data planes Scalability and availability solutions Tunneling, QoS and VLANs 3. Describe design considerations for common deployment scenarios in wireless such as coverage requirements, roaming considerations, throughput, capacity and security Design considerations for data Design considerations for voice Design considerations for video Design considerations for location services including Real-Time Location Services (RTLS) Design considerations for highly mobile devices (e.g. tablets and smartphones) Capacity planning for high and very high-density environments Design considerations for guest access/BYOD Design considerations for supporting legacy 802.11 devices 4.Demonstrate awareness of common proprietary features in wireless networks. AirTime Fairness Band steering Dynamic power and channel management features 5. Determine and configure required network services supporting the wireless network DHCP for client addressing, AP addressing and/or controller discovery DNS for address resolution for clients and APs Time synchronization protocols (e.g. NTP, SNTP) VLANs for segmentation Authentication services (e.g. RADIUS, LDAP) Access Control Lists for segmentation Wired network capacity requirements
WLAN Network Security	10%	1. Identify weak security options that should not be used in enterprise WLANs WEP Shared Key authentication SSID hiding as a security mechanism MAC filtering Use of deprecated security methods (e.g. WPA and/or WPA2 with TKIP) Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) 2. Identify and configure effective security mechanisms for enterprise WLANs Application of AES with CCMP for encryption and integrity WPA2-Personal including limitations and best practices for pre-shared (PSK) use WPA2-Enterprise -configuring wireless networks to use 802.1X including connecting to RADIUS servers and appropriate EAP methods 3. Understand basic concepts of WPA3 and Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) and enhancements compared to WPA2 Understand basic security enhancements in WPA3 vs. WPA2 Understand basic security enhancements of encryption and integrity in WPA3 (e.g. CCMP, GCMP, AES) Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) in WPA3 as an enhancement for legacy pre-shared key technology Understand the purpose of Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) for public and guest networks 4. Describe common security options and tools used in wireless networks Access control solutions (e.g. captive portals, NAC, BYOD) Protected management frames Fast Secure Roaming methods Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (WIPS) and/or rogue AP detection Protocol and spectrum analyzers Best practices in secure management protocols (e.g. encrypted management HTTPS, SNMPv3, SSH2, VPN and password management)
RF Validation	10%	1. Verify and document that design requirements are met including coverage, throughput, roaming, and connectivity with a post-implementation validation survey 2. Locate and identify sources of RF interference Identify RF disruption from 802.11 wireless devices including contention vs. interference and causes/sources of both including co-channel contention (CCC), overlapping channels, and 802.11 wireless device proximity Identify sources of RF interference from non-802.11 wireless devices based on the investigation of airtime and frequency utilization Understand interference mitigation options including removal of interference source or change of wireless channel usage 3. Perform application testing to validate WLAN performance Network and service availability VoIP testing Real-time application testing Throughput testing 4. Understand and use the basic features of validation tools Use of throughput testers for validation tasks Use of wireless validation software (specifically survey software and wireless scanners) Use of protocol analyzers for validation tasks Use of spectrum analyzers for validation tasks
WLAN Protocols and Devices	20%	1. Describe the components and functions that make up an 802.11 wireless service set Stations (STAs) Basic Service Set (BSS) (Infrastructure mode) SSID BSSID Extended Service Set (ESS) IBSS (Ad-Hoc) Distribution System (DS) Distribution System Media (DSM) 2. Define terminology related to the 802.11 MAC and PHY MSDU, MPDU, PSDU, and PPDU A-MSDU and A-MPDU PHY preamble and header 3. Identify and explain the MAC frame format MAC frame format MAC addressing 4. Identify and explain the purpose of the three main 802.11 frame types Management Control Data 5. Explain the process used to locate and connect to a WLAN Scanning (active and passive) Authentication Association Open System Authentication and Shared Key authentication Connecting to 802.1X/EAP and Pre-Shared Key authentication networks BSS selection Connecting to hidden SSIDs 6. Explain 802.11 channel access methods DCF EDCA RTS/CTS CTS-to-Self NAV Interframe spaces (SIFS, DIFS, EIFS, AIFS) Physical carrier sense and virtual carrier sense Hidden node 7. Explain 802.11 MAC operations Roaming Power save modes and frame buffering Protection mechanisms 8. Describe features of, select, and install WLAN devices, control, and management systems Access Points (APs) WLAN controllers Wireless network management systems Wireless bridge and mesh APs Client devices
WLAN Troubleshooting	10%	1. Describe and apply common troubleshooting tools used in WLANs Use of protocol analyzers for troubleshooting tasks Use of spectrum analyzers for identifying sources of interference Use of management, monitoring and logging systems for troubleshooting tasks Use of wireless LAN scanners for troubleshooting tasks 2. Identify and troubleshoot common wireless issues Identify causes of insufficient throughput in the wireless distribution systems including LAN port speed/duplex misconfigurations, insufficient PoE budget, and insufficient Internet or WAN bandwidth Identify and solve RF interference using spectrum analyzers Identify wireless performance issues using SNR, retransmissions, and airtime utilization statistics Identify causes of wireless issues related to network services including DHCP, DNS, and time protocols including using native interface and IP configuration tools (e.g. pings, DNS lookups, interface configuration) Identify wireless issues related to security configuration mismatches
Radio Frequency (RF) Technologies	15%	1. Define and explain the basic characteristics of RF and RF behavior Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, phase, sine waves RF propagation and coverage Reflection, refraction, diffraction and scattering Multipath and RF interference Gain and loss Amplification Attenuation Absorption Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) Return Loss Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) 2. Apply the basic concepts of RF mathematics and measurement Watt and milliwatt Decibel (dB) dBm and dBi Noise floor SNR RSSI dBm to mW conversion rules of 10 and 3 Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP) 3. Identify RF signal characteristics as they relate to antennas. RF and physical line of sight and Fresnel zone clearance Beamwidths Passive gain Polarization Antenna diversity types Radio chains Spatial multiplexing (SM) Transmit Beamforming (TxBF) Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) MIMO 4. Explain and apply the functionality of RF antennas, antenna systems, and accessories available Omni-directional antennas Semi-directional antennas Highly directional antennas Reading Azimuth and Elevation charts for different antenna types Antenna orientation RF cables and connectors Lightning arrestors and grounding rods/wires

Details for CWNA-108

This test has been valid since September 2020 and the vendor doesn’t have any requirements for the exam-takers. However, they would have more chances to pass such an exam if they have previously won the Certified Wireless Specialist or Certified Wireless Technician certifications. By getting these designations prior to taking the official CWNA-108 exam, the candidates would already have the fundamental networking knowledge. As for the particulars of CWNA-108, this test includes 60 inquiries. They are either multiple-answer or multiple-choice types of questions. Also, the candidates will have 90 minutes to answer a minimum of 70% of the total number of questions. In the case of instructors, they should answer 80% of the questions correctly to get the certificate. Once they get it, the certification is valid for 3 years. To know more, CWNA-108 is a proctored exam, which means that the registration will be done by using the Pearson VUE platform. The examinees should follow the instructions mentioned on the platform and pay the registration fee to validate their enrollment. Its value is $225.

Reference: https://www.cwnp.com/certifications/cwna

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